Infection can potentially damage the genetic make-up of an egg, and the 'errors' would then be passed down from generation to generation

 The findings may suggest a new approach to the treatment of uterine disease in cows.

"The emphasis on treating uterine disease has so far always been on clearing infection in the uterus," said Professor Sheldon. "We need to remember that the infection also affects the ovaries and could lead to lasting damage. We may need to treat the disease with anti-inflammatory drugs or develop new antitoxins."

The study found that, even after uterine disease has been treated, toxins from the breakdown of pathogens remain in the ovaries. Granulosa cells, which protect eggs inside in the ovaries, respond to the presence of the toxin by inhibiting the production of estrogen.

"We believe the granulosa cells may play a role in 'quality control' relating to ovulation," said Professor Martin Sheldon, who led the study. "Infection can potentially damage the genetic make-up of an egg, and these 'errors' would then be passed down from generation to generation. By suppressing the release of estrogen - in effect, reducing sexual behavior - the granulosa are preventing those defects being passed on."

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