The microscope image shows the characteristic spiral, or corkscrew, shape of C jejuni cells and related structures
Two species of Campylobacter are merging, say UK researchers, possibly as a result of agricultural activity. Animals are carriers of the bacteria, which are two of the commonest causes of food poisoning in humans. 
Photo: ARS/USDA/Wikipedia
A study at Oxford University has found evidence that C jejuni and C coli are converging into a single species.
“Our evidence shows that C jejuni and C coli are converging as a result of very recent exchanges of genetic material,” said Professor Martin Maiden, the study's lead author.
“It appears that recent ecological changes have removed the ‘species barrier’ between these two bacteria, enabling them to merge, or despeciate. It’s highly plausible that this change is the unintended consequence of intensive agricultural practices.”
The researchers analyzed DNA sequences from the two types of bacteria, which were isolated from both wild animals and livestock. Around one in 10 isolates from farms showed signs of hybridization, with DNA markers from C jejuni appearing in the genome of C coli and vice versa.
However, the genetic exchange was not equal: C coli hybrids with C jejuni genes were nearly 20 times more common. If the trend continues, C coli will become more like C jejuni, until it is genetically indistinguishable, say the researchers.
The study was published in the April 11th issue of Science.
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